Rotation government

A rotation government or alternation government is a form of coalition government in which the top office (usually Prime Minister or the equivalent) rotates between coalition members during the parliamentary term pursuant to a pre-agreed schedule. Rotation government often occurs in the context of grand coalitions, where the two largest parties agree to share power.

Israel has seen by far the most experience with such a governing arrangement. The Republic of Ireland is currently under its second consecutive rotation government. Usually, this alternation is guided by constitutional convention with tactical resignation of the first officeholder to allow the second to form a new government. Israel was the first nation to appoint a rotation government in 1984, a formal constitutional mechanism for rotation government was introduced in 2020. As of 2025, rotation governments have been formed in Ireland, Israel, Malaysia, Mauritius, North Macedonia, Romania, and Turkey. Successful rotations have only taken place in Israel (first with the rotation between Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Shamir, and second with the ascension of Yair Lapid to the office of the Prime Minister of Israel on 1 July 2022, fulfilling the agreement of his coalition government), Ireland (with Leo Varadkar returning as Taoiseach in December 2022), Mauritius (with the rotation between Anerood Jugnauth and Paul Bérenger in September 2003) and Romania (with the rotation between Nicolae Ciucă and Marcel Ciolacu in June 2023); in other cases, the government has collapsed before it could occur.

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