Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell

The Earl of Tyrconnell
Extract of a fresco depicting Rory O'Donnell, painted c. 1610 by Giovanni Battista Ricci
1st Earl of Tyrconnell
Tenure29 September 1603 – 18 July 1608
PredecessorTitle created
SuccessorHugh O'Donnell, 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell
Born1575
Tyrconnell, Ireland
Died18 July [28 July N.S.] 1608 (aged about 33)
Rome, Papal States
Buried19 July [29 July N.S.] 1608
San Pietro in Montorio, Rome
SpouseBridget FitzGerald
IssueHugh O'Donnell, 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell
Mary Stuart O'Donnell
FatherHugh McManus O'Donnell
MotherIníon Dubh

Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell (Irish: Rudhraighe Ó Domhnaill; 1575 – 18 July [N.S. 28 July] 1608), was an Irish earl and soldier.

A member of the O'Donnell clan of Tyrconnell, he fought alongside his older brother Hugh Roe O'Donnell during the Nine Years' War against the Tudor government. Following Hugh Roe's death, Rory surrendered to royal forces and in September 1603 was created 1st Earl of Tyrconnell. Rory was his brother's tanist but his claim to the chieftainship was disputed by his cousin Niall Garbh O'Donnell.

In 1607, Tyrconnell and his wartime ally Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, fled Ireland for mainland Europe in what is known as the Flight of the Earls. Tyrconnell died of a fever shortly after settling in Rome. After his death, his lands were requisitioned as part of the Plantation of Ulster. His son Hugh Albert O'Donnell succeeded him as 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell.