Rondon Commission

The Rondon Commission (Portuguese: Comissão Rondon) was one of the expeditionary groups established by the Brazilian government in 1907 under President Afonso Pena. Officially named the Commission for Strategic Telegraph Lines from Mato Grosso to Amazonas (Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas de Mato Grosso ao Amazonas, in Portuguese), the Rondon Commission was established to build a telegraph network connecting the central-western region to the Amazon. Led by then-Major Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon, the commission played a key role in the territorial integration of Brazil and the expansion of national communications infrastructure. In addition to its technical mission, the commission carried out significant scientific work in geography, ethnography, botany, zoology, astronomy, and geology. The commission contacted dozens of Indigenous groups along the mapped routes, producing a large volume of ethnographic and iconographic material.

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