Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
The Earl of Essex | |
|---|---|
Portrait after Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger | |
| Tenure | 22 September 1576 – 25 February 1601 |
| Predecessor | Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex |
| Successor | Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex |
| Born | Robert Devereux 10 November 1565 Netherwood, Herefordshire, England |
| Died | 25 February 1601 (aged 35) Tower Green, London, England |
| Buried | Church of St Peter ad Vincula, London |
| Spouse | |
| Issue Detail |
|
| Parents | Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex Lettice Knollys |
| Signature | |
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (/ˈdɛvəˌruː/; 10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601) was an English nobleman, soldier and a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I.
A charismatic and ambitious youth, Essex grew up in a family of courtiers with strong ties to the Queen. He became a royal ward following his father's death in 1576. He entered court in 1585 as a member of the Earl of Leicester's entourage. Essex rose quickly at court and developed a close personal relationship with the Queen. He played a prominent role in England's military campaigns during the Anglo-Spanish War and Eighty Years' War, including expeditions to Portugal and the Azores, particularly a victory at Cádiz, which gave him celebrity status among the London elite.
Towards the end of the 1590s, Essex's position at court was threatened by Robert Cecil. Essex was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland during the Nine Years' War. Despite considerable resources, his 1599 campaign against the Irish confederacy was a military disaster, ruining his reputation and straining his relationship with the Queen. He deserted his post and was subsequently placed under house arrest, leading to a nervous breakdown. In February 1601, he led a failed coup against the government and was arrested, tried for treason, and executed by beheading at the Tower of London.
The nature of Essex's turbulent relationship with Elizabeth has been the subject of speculation by both historians and dramatists.