Revolutionary Action Movement

Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) was a Marxist–Leninist, black nationalist organisation that was active from 1962 to 1968. It was the first group to apply the philosophy of Maoism to conditions of black people in the United States and informed the revolutionary politics of the Black Power movement. RAM was the only secular political organization that Malcolm X joined prior to 1964. The group's political formation deeply influenced the politics of Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and many other future influential Black Panther Party founders and members.