Resibufogenin

Resibufogenin
Clinical data
Other names	Resibufogenin
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Low
Metabolism	Liver
Excretion	Biliary
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 5-[(1R,2S,4R,6R,7R,10S,11S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one;
CAS Number	465-39-4;
PubChem CID	6917974;
ChemSpider	5293192;
UNII	3K654P2M4J;
KEGG	D01378;
ChEBI	CHEBI:31319;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL250172;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0046808 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C24H32O4
Molar mass	384.516 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES C[C@]12CC[C@@H](C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@]35[C@H](O5)C[C@@H]4C6=COC(=O)C=C6)C)O;
	InChI InChI=InChI=1S/C24H32O4/c1-22-9-7-16(25)11-15(22)4-5-18-17(22)8-10-23(2)19(12-20-24(18,23)28-20)14-3-6-21(26)27-13-14/h3,6,13,15-20,25H,4-5,7-12H2,1-2H3/t15-,16+,17+,18-,19-,20-,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1; Key:ATLJNLYIJOCWJE-CWMZOUAVSA-N;

Resibufogenin (RBG), also known as bufogenin, is a cardiotonic (cardiac stimulant) steroid synthesized in the venom glands of certain toads, particularly those belonging to the Bufonidae family. It contains a lactone ring, and hence is classified as a bufadienolide. The cardiotonic activity of resibufogenin is attributed to its structural similarity to cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin.

For centuries, it has been used to treat diseases. Furthermore, modern studies, both experimental and clinical, support the use of toad venom for treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The compound has also shown potential in oncology and respiratory medicine.

The use of resibufogenin dates back to traditional Chinese medicine. Resibufogenin is the main glycoside in the Chinese medicine Chan Su. It has been used for its cardiotonic effects and as a potential treatment for tumors and heart-related conditions. It has also been used for lighter conditions, such as sore throats, sunstroke, abdominal pain or diarrhea. The practice of using toad secretions as treatment dates back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 BC). It is also known in Japan, under the name of Senso. Although toad venom consists of a number of different components which all have distinct functions, it is well known that bufadienolides are the main bioactive compounds in toad toxins. This is partly due to their unique steroid structure.

Many studies have examined different species of toads and their therapeutic potential. Resibufogenin has been observed in the species B. melanosticus, B. marinus, and B. viridis. Other studies also mention B. garganizans.