Reform anti-Zionism

Reform anti-Zionism is anti-Zionism within Reform Judaism. Throughout the 1800s and until the mid-1900s, the Reform movement was primarily anti-Zionist. The American Reform Movement's 1885 Pittsburgh Platform endorsed anti-Zionism, as did the Union Prayer Book, the movement's 1892 siddur (prayer book). In response to a nascent Zionist movement and the persecution of Jews by Nazi Germany, the Columbus Platform of US Reform Judaism repudiated the movement's previous anti-Zionism, although the movement retained its earlier anti-Zionist siddur until it was replaced by Gates of Prayer in 1975. Subsequent American Reform platforms and siddurim have continued to embrace Zionism, such as the Mishkan T'filah and the 1997 Miami Platform, which clarified and reinforced the movement's support for Zionism. While the global Reform movement as a whole is officially Zionist, and American Reform rabbinical students are required to spend at least a year in Israel, some adherents of Classical Reform Judaism continue to maintain anti-Zionism, such as the American Council for Judaism (ACJ).