Rajya Vyavahara Kosha

Rajya Vyavahara Kosha (Rājavyavahārakośa) is a 17th-century Sanskrit administrative lexicon compiled during the reign of Shivaji (r. 1674–1680), the founder of the Maratha Empire. The work was authored by Raghunath Pandit, a scholar and minister (one of the Ashta Pradhans) of Shivaji's court and was intended to provide Sanskrit equivalents for Persian and Arabic administrative terminology used in the governance of the Deccan during the late medieval period.

The compilation formed part of a broader effort during Shivaji's reign to promote Sanskrit terminology within state administration and court culture. Persian had long functioned as the principal bureaucratic language across much of the Indian subcontinent under earlier sultanates and the Mughal Empire. The Rajyavyavahārakośa was intended to standardize Sanskrit equivalents for these administrative expressions and facilitate their adoption in Maratha governance.

The dictionary contains approximately 1,344 terms arranged in thematic sections known as vargas ("chapters" or "categories"). These sections cover a wide range of subjects relevant to administration, military organization, economic activity, and record-keeping in the Maratha state.