Race and crime in the United Kingdom

The relationship between race and crime in the United Kingdom is the subject of academic studies, government surveys, media coverage, and public concern since at least the Second World War.

Data gathered from a variety of sources consistently shows that ethnic minorities in the UK have been, and are currently, over-represented across the criminal justice system compared to the white population.

The long-term trend in the prevalence of hate crime incidents (about half of which are race hate crime) has seen a decline since the relevant data collection began in 1988, despite spikes around specific events. However, the number of hate crimes recorded by the police has risen steeply since 2014, primarily because of changes in recording practices and increased reporting.

A rise in terrorist offenses by ethnic minorities has been accompanied by corresponding increases in white supremacist terrorism, along with an increase in people trafficking and related crimes fuelled by geopolitical events.

The extent to which race is correlated with crime, particularly in the case of violent crime, is complicated by confounding factors such as economic and social deprivation, police counting rules, and issues such as age and cultural histories.

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