Arab Kingdom Project (Algeria)
The Arab Kingdom in Algeria was a political project in the 1860s led by Napoleon III and Ismael Urbain aimed at transforming Algeria, then a recent French conquest, into an associated, self-governing Arab state rather than a settler colony. Urbain argued for a "harmoniously hierarchical" structure where France provided leadership and capital whilst Arabs managed agriculture, ensuring equality between metropolitan and indigenous inhabitants. The concept of neo-Arabism was thus launched by Napoleon III, who envisaged the creation of an "Arab Kingdom" extending from Algiers to Baghdad.