Process calculus
In computer science, the process calculi (or process algebras) are a diverse family of related approaches for formally modelling concurrent systems. Process calculi provides a tool for high-level descriptions of interactions, communications, and synchronizations between a collection of independent agents or processes. They provide algebraic laws that allow process descriptions to be manipulated and analyzed, and they also permit formal reasoning about equivalences between processes (e.g., using bisimulation). Leading examples of process calculi include CSP, CCS, ACP, and LOTOS. More recent additions to the family include the π-calculus, the ambient calculus, PEPA, the fusion calculus and the join-calculus.