Porto Alegre

Porto Alegre
Município de Porto Alegre
Municipality of Porto Alegre
Skyline of Porto Alegre and Guaíba Lake
Mario Quintana House of Culture
Statue of Laçador
Gasometer Plant
Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Sorrows
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Motto: 
Leal e Valorosa Cidade de Porto Alegre
Loyal and Valiant City of Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre
Coordinates: 30°01′59″S 51°13′48″W / 30.03306°S 51.23000°W / -30.03306; -51.23000
Country Brazil
RegionSouth
State Rio Grande do Sul
MesoregionMetropolitan Porto Alegre
MicroregionMicroregion of Porto Alegre
Founded26 March 1772 (1772-03-26)
Government
 • MayorSebastião Melo (MDB)
Area
496.827 km2 (191.826 sq mi)
Elevation
10 m (33 ft)
Population
 (2024)
1,389,322 (12th)
 • Density2,837.5/km2 (7,349/sq mi)
 • Metro
4,167,025 (5th)
DemonymPorto-alegrenses
GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)
 • Year2023
 • Total$77.7 billion
Time zoneUTC-3 (UTC−3)
Postal Code
90000-000
Area code+55 51
HDI (2010)0.805 – very high
Websitewww.prefeitura.poa.br

Porto Alegre (UK: /ˌpɔːrt əˈlɛɡr/, US: /- ɑːˈlɡri, ˌpɔːrt əˈlɛɡrə/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈpoʁtu aˈlɛɡɾi, -tw aˈ-] , locally [ˈpoɾ-]; lit.'Joyful Harbor') is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of roughly 1.4 million inhabitants (2022) makes it the 11th-most populous city in the country and the centre of Brazil's fifth-largest metropolitan area, with 4.1 million inhabitants (2022). The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian state.

Porto Alegre was founded in 1769 by Manuel Jorge Gomes de Sepúlveda, who used the pseudonym José Marcelino de Figueiredo to hide his identity; the official date, though, is 1772 with the act signed by immigrants from the Azores, Portugal.

The city lies on the eastern bank of the Guaíba Lake, where five rivers converge to form the Lagoa dos Patos, a giant freshwater lagoon navigable by even the largest of ships. This five-river junction has become an important alluvial port and a chief industrial and commercial centre of Brazil.

In recent years, Porto Alegre hosted the World Social Forum, an initiative of several nongovernment organizations. The city became famous for being the first city that implemented participatory budgeting. The 9th Assembly of the World Council of Churches was held in Porto Alegre in 2006. Since 2000, Porto Alegre also hosts one of the world's largest free software events, called FISL. The city was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, having previously been a venue for the 1950 FIFA World Cup.

Porto Alegre is a very unequal city, presenting well-structured zones with high socioeconomic indicators, but also others that are extremely precarious and with vulnerable and underserved populations, especially in the peripheries. The low-income population in general, as well as women, Black people, Indigenous people, and minorities, have historically been and continue to be discriminated against, have disproportionate political representation, fewer opportunities, less access to consumer goods, services, and the advantages of full citizenship. The city faces many other challenges, including serious environmental problems, high crime rates, a decline in the quality of public school education, a chronic crisis in the health system, progressive erosion of democratic governance structures, and in 2024 it was the sixth most expensive city in Brazil and among the 163 most expensive in the world.