Portal:Colombia

The Colombia Portal

Republic of Colombia
República de Colombia  (Spanish)
Location of Colombia (dark green)

in South America (grey)

CapitalBogotá
4°35′N 74°4′W / 4.583°N 74.067°W / 4.583; -74.067
ISO 3166 codeCO

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country located in South America, with insular regions in North America. Colombia's mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east, Brazil to the southeast, Peru and Ecuador to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest. Colombia is divided into 32 departments. The Capital District of Bogotá is the country's largest city hosting the main financial and cultural hub. Other urban areas include Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Bucaramanga, Pereira, Santa Marta, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Villavicencio and Manizales. It covers an area of 1,141,748 square kilometers (440,831 sq mi) and has a population of around 52 million. Its rich cultural heritage—including language, religion, cuisine, and art—reflects its history as a colony, fusing cultural elements brought by immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by the African diaspora, as well as with those of Indigenous civilizations that predate colonization. Spanish is the official language, although Creole, English and 64 other languages are recognized regionally.

Colombia has been home to many indigenous peoples and cultures since at least 12,000 BCE. The Spanish landed in La Guajira in 1499, and by the mid-16th century had colonized much of present-day Colombia, and established the New Kingdom of Granada. Independence from the Spanish Empire was declared in 1810, with what is now Colombia emerging as the United Provinces of New Granada. After a Spanish reconquest, Colombian independence was secured and the Gran Colombia period began in 1819. The new polity experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858) and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before becoming a centralised republic in 1886. With the backing of the US and France, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, resulting in Colombia's present borders. Beginning in the 1960s, the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence, both of which escalated in the 1990s. Since 2000, there has been improvement in security, stability, and rule of law, as well as economic growth and development.

Colombia is recognized for its healthcare system, being the best healthcare in The Americas according to the World Health Organization and 22nd in the world. Its diversified economy is the third-largest in South America, with macroeconomic stability and favorable long-term growth prospects. The country is one of the most progressive in the world in LGBT rights, gender equality, animal rights, and human rights, having legalized same-sex adoption, same-sex marriage, legality of abortion, legality of euthanasia, and animal rights protections.

Colombia is one of the world's seventeen megadiverse countries; it has the highest level of biodiversity per square mile in the world, and second-highest level overall. Its territory encompasses the Amazon rainforest, highlands, grasslands and deserts. Colombia is a member of global and regional organizations including the UN, the WTO, the OECD, the OAS, the CIVETS, the Pacific Alliance and the Andean Community; it is a NATO Global Partner and a major non-NATO ally of the United States. (Full article...)

Selected article -

Skyline of the International District of Bogotá with the tallest buildings in Colombia

Bogotá (/ˌboʊɡəˈtɑː/, also UK: /ˌbɒɡ-/, US: /ˈboʊɡətɑː/, Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] ⓘ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá (Spanish: [ˌsanta ˈfe ðe βoɣoˈta]; lit. 'Holy Faith of Bogotá') during the Spanish Imperial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia. The city is administered as the Capital District, as well as the capital of, though not politically part of, the surrounding department of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the main political, economic, administrative, industrial, cultural, aeronautical, technological, scientific, medical, educational and airport center of the country and northern South America.

Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on 6 August 1538 by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca, the indigenous inhabitants of the Altiplano. Santafé (its name after 1540) became the seat of the government of the Spanish Royal Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada (created in 1550), and then after 1717 it was the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. After the Battle of Boyacá on 7 August 1819, Bogotá became the capital of the independent nation of Gran Colombia. It was Simón Bolívar who rebaptized the city with the name of Bogotá, as a way of honoring the Muisca people and as an emancipation act towards the Spanish crown. Hence, since the Viceroyalty of New Granada's independence from the Spanish Empire and during the formation of present-day Colombia, Bogotá has remained the capital of this territory. (Full article...)

Categories

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Colombia
Colombia-related lists
Buildings and structures in Colombia
Culture of Colombia
Economy of Colombia
Education in Colombia
Geography of Colombia
Government of Colombia
Health in Colombia
History of Colombia
Organisations based in Colombia
Colombian people
Politics of Colombia
Society of Colombia
Colombia stubs

Selected biography -

Ciudad de Piedra and frailejones on the Ocetá Páramo

The Ocetá Páramo (Spanish: Páramo de Ocetá) is a páramo, which means an ecosystem above the continuous forest line yet below the permanent snowline. This particular páramo is located at altitudes between 2,950 metres (9,680 ft) and 3,950 metres (12,960 ft) in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. It covers parts of the municipalities Monguí, Mongua and Tópaga, belonging to the Sugamuxi Province, Boyacá. The Ocetá Páramo is known for its collection of small shrubs called frailejones, as well as other Andean flora and fauna. Hiking tours from Monguí or Mongua to the páramo take a full day.

The Páramo de Ocetá in the times before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca was inhabited by the Muisca, loyal to the iraca of Suamox, who considered the region sacred. Myths and legends exist from pre-Columbian and Spanish colonial times and in the lower part of the páramo the Muisca women gave birth in little man-made pools (Tortolitas). (Full article...)

Did you know (auto-generated)

General images

The following are images from various Colombia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Selected picture

Largest cities

 
 
Largest cities or towns in Colombia
According to the 2018 Census
Rank Name Department Pop. Rank Name Department Pop.
1 Bogotá Distrito Capital 7,387,400 11 Ibagué Tolima 492,554
2 Medellín Antioquia 2,382,399 12 Villavicencio Meta 492,052
3 Cali Valle del Cauca 2,172,527 13 Santa Marta Magdalena 455,299
4 Barranquilla Atlántico 1,205,284 14 Valledupar Cesar 431,794
5 Cartagena Bolívar 876,885 15 Manizales Caldas 405,234
6 Cúcuta Norte de Santander 685,445 16 Montería Córdoba 388,499
7 Soacha Cundinamarca 655,025 17 Pereira Risaralda 385,838
8 Soledad Atlántico 602,644 18 Neiva Huila 335,994
9 Bucaramanga Santander 570,752 19 Pasto Nariño 308,095
10 Bello Antioquia 495,483 20 Armenia Quindío 287,245

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Wikiprojects

WikiProject Colombia WikiProject Colombian Departments

Things you can do

If you are interested in helping with this portal, please join WikiProject Colombia or one of its child projects:

  • WikiProject Colombian Departments
Article requests

History (High priority)

  • Pact of Benidorm (1956)
  • Chiquita papers [1]
  • Various events and aspects of the Colombian War of Independence are red linked on this template: Template:Campaignbox Colombian War of Independence
  • Various events and aspects of the Colombian conflict are red linked on this template:Template:Campaignbox Colombian conflict
  • Lleras printing press

Events

Years in

Society

  • Social structure of Colombia - Colombian middle class - Colombian upper class - Colombian working class - Colombian lower class
  • Administradora de riesgos profesionales
  • Corabastos large wet market in Bogotá
  • Plaza de Mercado Paloquemao or Paloquemao Fruit Market in Bogotá [6]
  • India Catalina Awards held since 1984 within the Cartagena Film Festival
  • Inequality in Colombia
  • Marriage in Colombia
  • Irreligion in Colombia
  • Danza del pilón

Censuses

  • Census in Colombia

Ethnic groups

  • Pacabuy
  • Passé people

Schools

See: List of universities in Colombia and its Spanish version

  • Autonomous University of Colombia
  • University College of Cundinamarca
  • ECCI University
  • Catholic University of Manizales
  • Superior College of Public Administration
  • International University of the American Tropics
  • EAN University
  • Sinú University
  • National Open and Distance University
  • University College of Cundinamarca
  • International University Foundation of the American Tropics
  • University of America
  • Catholic University of Manizales
  • Universidad Antonio Nariño
  • Autonomous University of Manizales

Sports

  • Colombia women's national ice hockey team

People (Medium priority)

See also: Wikipedia:WikiProject Women in Red/Missing articles by nationality/Colombia for Women

  • Jorge Cock Quevedo [12]
  • William Montes - politician, former senator and chamber rep.
  • Carlos Bernal Pulido [13][14] - current 2nd Vice President of Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (see article)
  • María Claudia Pulido - former (17 August 2020 – June 2021) acting Executive Secretary of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (see article)
  • Enrique Penalosa Camargo Colombian ambassador to the UN, Minister of Agriculture, and father of Enrique Peñalosa
  • Max Alejandro Flórez Rodríguez lawyer, former magistrate of the Superior Council of Judicature
  • Francisco Galán (ex-guerilla) the only person under the Commanders and leaders section of the Colombian conflict infobox that does not have an article. Legal name is Gerardo Antonio Bermúdez Sánchez, but is better known under his nombre de guerra.

Physical geography

  • Cayos de Este Sudeste
  • List of Colombian departments by elevation - A comprehensive list, like the equivalent article for the U.S., should include each department's high point, low point, the elevation range between the highest point and lowest point, and the average elevation.
  • Special District of Bogotá
  • Valleys and Plateaus of Colombia
  • Uramita Fault System

Rivers

  • Atacuari River
  • Yaguas River

Parks

for national parks of Colombia with Spanish articles, see Categoría:Parques nacionales de Colombia
for parks in Bogotá with Spanish articles, see Categoría:Parques de Bogotá

  • Chicó Museum
  • Río Puré National Park
  • Alto Fragua-Indi Wasi National Park
  • Cahuinarí National Park
  • Catatumbo Barí National Park
  • Cordillera de los Picachos National Park

Subdivisons

  • Junta Administradora Local

Metropolitan areas (officially defined)

See Metropolitan areas of Colombia

  • Greater Bucaramanga
  • Greater Pereira
  • Greater Valledupar

Media (Medium Priority)

  • Aló (magazine)
  • Credencial (magazine)
  • Diners (magazine)
  • Semanario Voz Newspaper of the PCC (est. 1957)
  • El Mosaico Magazine (1858-1872)

Government and political affairs (High priority)

  • Chambacú Affair
  • Demobilization process
  • Extradition Treaty (?)
  • Kidnapping of Íngrid Betancourt
  • Ralito Pact
  • Santa Fe de Ralito Agreement
  • Independence Heros of Colombia
  • Ospinopastranismo
  • Colombian judicial crisis
  • Water rationing in Bogotá

Ministries, Agencies, and Programs

  • Territorial Credit Institute
  • List of ministries of Colombia
  • Territorial Focus Development Program (PDET)
  • Ministry of Public Works (Colombia) (1905-1993)
  • Ministry of Mines and Petroleum (Colombia) (1940-1974)

Department Assemblies

see: List of Colombian Department Assemblies

Political parties/alliances

2018 Colombian parliamentary election 2015 Colombian regional and municipal elections

Embassies (Low priority)

Elections

general sources:

Presidential
  • 1811 Colombian presidential election
  • 1813 Colombian presidential election
  • 1821 Colombian presidential election
  • 1836-37 Colombian presidential election
  • 1840-41 Colombian presidential election
  • 1844-45 Colombian presidential election
  • 1863 Colombian presidential election
Legislature
  • 1813 Colombian general election
  • 1820 Colombian parliamentary election
  • 1831 Colombian Constituent Assembly election
  • 1838 Colombian parliamentary election
  • 1867 Colombian parliamentary election
  • 1892 Colombian parliamentary election
Local
  • 1991 Colombian regional and municipal elections
  • 1992 Colombian regional and municipal elections
  • 1994 Colombian regional and municipal elections
  • 1997 Colombian regional and municipal elections
  • 2000 Colombian regional and municipal elections
  • 2003 Colombian regional and municipal elections

Economy

  • Family Compensation Fund

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Sources

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