Photo-Secession
The Photo-Secession was an early 20th century movement that promoted photography as a fine art in general and photographic pictorialism in particular.
A group of photographers, led by Alfred Stieglitz and F. Holland Day in the early 20th century, held the then controversial viewpoint that what was significant about a photograph was not what was in front of the camera but the manipulation of the image by the artist/photographer to achieve their subjective vision. The movement helped to raise standards and awareness of art photography.
The group is the American counterpart to the Linked Ring, an invitation-only British group which seceded from the Royal Photographic Society.