Phlebolith

A phlebolith is a small, focal, usually rounded, calcified thrombus within a vein. They are very common in the veins of the lower pelvis; however, phleboliths can also occur outside the pelvic region, including in the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) area. Phleboliths are often incidental findings and are most commonly detected on X-ray and CT imaging. They have characteristic histologic and radiologic features that help distinguish them from other types of calcifications.

Phleboliths usually present asymptomatically and are frequently identified incidentally. However, their presence may indicate underlying vascular abnormalities that could warrant further investigation. Nevertheless, when a phlebolith is considered the most likely diagnosis or is confirmed, treatment is generally not required, and other potential causes of symptoms should be investigated.