Treaty of Vienna (1725)

The Peace of Vienna, also known as the First Treaty of Vienna, was a series of four treaties signed between 30 April 1725 and 5 November 1725 involving the Habsburg Monarchy, the Holy Roman Empire (on behalf of Austria), and Bourbon Spain. A new military alliance was formed, with the Russian Empire joining later in 1726. This Viennese alliance caused Austria to withdraw from the Quadruple Alliance, resulting in a diplomatic shift which led other great powers to coalesce into the Hanoverian Alliance months later in September. The rival alliances did not clash militarily, although tensions led to the limited Fourth Anglo-Spanish War in 1727.

In their new partnership, the Habsburgs gave up all formal claims to the Spanish throne, while Spain renounced its claims to the southern Netherlands and several other territories. Trade treaties were established between the two countries. The most significant article entailed Spanish recognition of the Ostend East India Company and the granting of free docking rights, including the ability to refuel in Spanish colonies. Additionally, a publicly signed treaty confirmed a defensive alliance. Later in the year, both parties signed a secret treaty, solidifying a general alliance between the two nations.