Pashayi languages

Pashayi
Pashai
زبان پشه‌ای (Dari)
پشه اې ژبه (Pashto)
Pashayi in Nastaliq
Native toAfghanistan
EthnicityPashayi
Native speakers
(400,000 cited 2000–2011)
Arabic script (Nastaliq)
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
aee – Northeastern
glh – Northwestern
psi – Southeastern
psh – Southwestern
Glottologpash1270
Linguasphere59-AAA-a
Linguistic map of Afghanistan; Pashayi is spoken in the purple area in the east.
Pashayi is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Pashayi (or Pashai) is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken by the Pashayi people in parts of the Kapisa, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar, and Kabul (Surobi) provinces in northeastern Afghanistan.

The Pashayi languages had no known written form prior to 2003. There are four mutually unintelligible varieties, with only about a 30% lexical similarity:

  • Northeastern: Aret, Chalas (Chilas), Kandak, Korangal, Kurdar dialects
  • Northwestern: Alasai, Bolaghain, Gulbahar, Kohnadeh, Laurowan, Najil, Nangarach, Pachagan, Pandau, Parazhghan, Pashagar, Sanjan, Shamakot, Shutul, Uzbin, Wadau dialects
  • Southeastern: Damench, Laghmani, Sum, Upper and Lower Darai Nur, Wegali dialects
  • Southwestern: Ishpi, Isken, Tagau dialects

A grammar of the language was written as a doctoral dissertation in 2014.