Outline of civil law (common law)

In common law jurisdictions such as England, Wales, and the United States, civil law refers to the branch of law that deals with non-criminal matters, including disputes between private individuals or organizations. This usage differs from that in civil law jurisdictions such as France, Germany, and China, where civil law refers to the codified legal system derived from Roman law. Within common law systems, civil law encompasses areas such as contracts, torts, and property, and may be divided into substantive and procedural law. Its primary concern is the rights and duties of individuals among themselves. Civil proceedings are generally intended to obtain compensation or another remedy, distinguishing them from criminal proceedings, which aim to impose punishment, though exemplary or punitive damages may occasionally be awarded in civil cases.

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