Outer Mongolia

Outer Mongolia
ᠠᠷᠤ
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ

外蒙古
Гадаад Монгол
Area of the Qing dynasty (1691–1911) and the Republic of China (1912–1946, 1953–2002)
1691–2002

Map of the de jure Outer Mongolia Area within the ROC
CapitalUlan Bator
Area 
• 1953
1,734,616 km2 (669,739 sq mi)
Population 
• 1953
854,500
History 
• Seizure of northern Khalkha
1691
• Uryankhay Republic declares independence
1 December 1911
• Independence from the Qing dynasty
29 December 1911
1919–1921
1 March 1921
26 November 1924
20 October 1945
5 January 1946
7 December 1949
• Reasserted claims to Outer Mongolia
24 February 1953
• Re-recognized by the ROC
10 September 2002
Preceded by
Succeeded by
1691:
Northern Yuan dynasty
Dzungar Khanate
1911:
Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
Uryankhay Republic
1946:
Mongolian People's Republic
Today part of
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Outer Mongolia was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia and the Russian republic of Tuva.

The historical region gained de facto independence from Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution and the Republic of China formally recognized the independence of Mongolia on January 5, 1946. This was revoked in 1953 after the Soviet Union violated the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and the ROC reasserted claims to Outer Mongolia, a claim that would continue to appear in ROC maps until 2002 when the Democratic Progressive Party-led government re-recognized Mongolia.