Outer Mongolia
| Outer Mongolia ᠠᠷᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ 外蒙古 Гадаад Монгол | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area of the Qing dynasty (1691–1911) and the Republic of China (1912–1946, 1953–2002) | |||||||||||||||
| 1691–2002 | |||||||||||||||
Map of the de jure Outer Mongolia Area within the ROC | |||||||||||||||
| Capital | Ulan Bator | ||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||
• 1953 | 1,734,616 km2 (669,739 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||||
• 1953 | 854,500 | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
• Seizure of northern Khalkha | 1691 | ||||||||||||||
• Uryankhay Republic declares independence | 1 December 1911 | ||||||||||||||
• Independence from the Qing dynasty | 29 December 1911 | ||||||||||||||
| 1919–1921 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 March 1921 | |||||||||||||||
• Mongolian People's Republic proclaimed | 26 November 1924 | ||||||||||||||
| 20 October 1945 | |||||||||||||||
| 5 January 1946 | |||||||||||||||
| 7 December 1949 | |||||||||||||||
• Reasserted claims to Outer Mongolia | 24 February 1953 | ||||||||||||||
• Re-recognized by the ROC | 10 September 2002 | ||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||||||||
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Outer Mongolia was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia and the Russian republic of Tuva.
The historical region gained de facto independence from Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution and the Republic of China formally recognized the independence of Mongolia on January 5, 1946. This was revoked in 1953 after the Soviet Union violated the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and the ROC reasserted claims to Outer Mongolia, a claim that would continue to appear in ROC maps until 2002 when the Democratic Progressive Party-led government re-recognized Mongolia.