Operation Tupac

Operation Tupac
Part of Kashmir conflict and Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
CIA Map of the Kashmir region
Operational scope
  • Provision of intelligence, funding and armaments for separatists and militants in Indian-administered Kashmir and India
  • Support anti-India separatist movements and militants and Islamist uprisings in India
Location
Planned by Pakistan
Target India
Date1989–present
Executed byInter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
Outcome
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Operation Tupac is the codename of an ongoing military-intelligence contingency program that has been active since the 1980s and run by Pakistan's main intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). It has a three-part action plan to provide covert support to anti-India separatists and militants in the insurgency in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The program was authorized and initiated in 1988 by the order of the then-President of Pakistan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.