One country, two systems (Taiwan plan)

The "one country, two systems" Taiwan plan is a proposal of the Chinese Communist Party and the government of the People's Republic of China to achieve Chinese unification under the "one country, two systems" principle. It proposes that Taiwan becomes a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

In the 1980s, Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping proposed the "one country, two systems" in order to resolve the Taiwan issue. Although Chinese leader after Deng did not put forward a specific one country, two systems Taiwan plan, the Taiwan Affairs Office published a white paper in 1993 entitled The Taiwan Question and China's Reunification, which described the four basic points of the "peaceful reunification, one country, two systems" policy. The second and third points clearly stated that after Taiwan became a special administrative region, it would implement a capitalist system and have "high degree of autonomy". It would have independent administrative, legislative, judicial, and military powers as well as certain diplomatic powers, and manage its own party, government, military, economy, and finance. The central government would not send troops or personnel to Taiwan. Officials of the special administrative region and people from Taiwan could serve as leaders of central government agencies and manage national affairs.

On 2 January 2019, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, outlined his "Five Points" during the 40th Anniversary Commemoration of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan. Regarding the Taiwan issue, he stated that the "1992 Consensus that both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one China and should work together to seek national reunification", and extended Deng's Six Points proposed in 1983, proposing to "explore the ‘two systems’ Taiwan solution”, and further, unusually, publicly criticized that “different systems are not an obstacle to reunification, much less an excuse for division”. In August 2022, the State Council issued the white paper Taiwan Issue and the Cause of China’s Reunification in the New Era, which reiterated this. The Democratic Progressive Party, the Kuomintang and the Taiwan People's Party, have each expressed their opposition to "one country, two systems" proposal.