Olfactory receptor 5V1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5V1 gene.
Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.
Functional studies of the mouse ortholog (Olfr110) have identified this receptor as a high-affinity sensor for the oxylipin 12(S)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12(S)-HEPE), revealing a role beyond classical odorant detection in regulating metabolism. Engagement of this receptor by oxylipins activates Gs-dependent signaling pathways that promote fatty acid oxidation and influence glucose homeostasis, indicating a potential role for OR5V1 in metabolic processes and as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.