Neuropeptide FF
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF, FLFQPQRFa) is a mammalian amidated neuropeptide originally isolated from bovine brain and characterized as a pain-modulating peptide, with anti-opioid activity on morphine-induced analgesia.
In humans, neuropeptide FF peptides are encoded by the NPFF gene. Two genes encoding two different receptors (NPFF1 and NPFF2) and two precursors [NPFFA (this gene) and NPFFB (NPVF)] have been cloned in several mammalian species.