National Assembly (Beiyang government)

National Assembly

國會
Type
Type
HousesSenate
House of Representative
History
Founded8 April 1913 (1913-04-08)
Disbanded1 July 1925 (1925-07-01)
Preceded byProvisional Senate (1913)
Succeeded byLegislative Yuan (1928)
National Assembly (1947)
Structure
SeatsSenate: 274
House of Representative: 596
Senate: 168
House of Representative: 406
Length of term
Senate:
6 years
House of Representative:
3 years
Elections
First general election
December 1912–January 1913
Last general election
May–June 1918
Meeting place
National Assembly Building, Peking
Constitution
Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China
National Assembly
Traditional Chinese國會
Simplified Chinese国会
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuóhuì
Wade–GilesKuo²-hui⁴

The National Assembly (Chinese: 國會) was the legislative branch of the Beiyang government during the Republican era of Chinese history. The National Assembly was first founded in 1913, following the overthrow of the previous Qing dynasty, as the first free democratic legislature in Chinese history. It was disbanded less than a year later as President Yuan Shikai assumed dictatorial power and declared himself the Emperor of China. During the Warlord Era, the National Assembly was resurrected and disbanded more than once as different warlords vied for power and legitimacy.

In 1925, the National Assembly, was dissolved by Duan Qirui as a result of the 1924 Beijing Coup and replaced by the Provisional Government led by Duan, Feng Yuxiang, responsible for the coup and Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. The Beiyang Government ceased to exist in 1928 as a result of the success of Chiang Kai-Shek's Northern Expedition, replacing it by the Nationalist Government.