Muscat and Oman
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman | |||||||||||
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| 1856–1970 | |||||||||||
National emblem
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The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman in 1870 | |||||||||||
| Status | De jure sovereign state (1856–1970) De facto British protected state (1891–1970) | ||||||||||
| Capital | Muscat | ||||||||||
| Official languages | Arabic | ||||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||||
| Religion | Islam (official) | ||||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||||
• 1855–1866 (first) | Thuwaini bin Said | ||||||||||
• 1866–1868 | Salim bin Thuwaini | ||||||||||
• 1868–1871 | Azzan bin Qais | ||||||||||
• 1871–1888 | Turki bin Said | ||||||||||
• 1888–1913 | Faisal bin Turki | ||||||||||
• 1913–1932 | Taimur bin Faisal | ||||||||||
• 1932–1970 | Said bin Taimur | ||||||||||
• 1970 (last) | Qaboos bin Said | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Partition from Zanzibar | 1856 | ||||||||||
| 25 September 1920 | |||||||||||
| 1954 | |||||||||||
| 1962 | |||||||||||
| 23 July 1970 | |||||||||||
• Qaboos declares the Sultanate of Oman | 9 August 1970 | ||||||||||
| Currency |
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| Today part of | Oman United Arab Emirates Pakistan Iran | ||||||||||
The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (Arabic: سلطنة مسقط وعمان, romanized: Salṭanat Masqaṭ wa-‘Umān), also known briefly as the State of Muscat and Oman (Arabic: دولة مسقط وعمان, romanized: Dawlat Masqaṭ wa-‘Umān) during the rule of Taimur bin Faisal, was a sovereign state that encompassed the present-day Sultanate of Oman and parts of present-day United Arab Emirates and Pakistan, in the second half of the 19th century and 20th century.
In 1856, upon the death of the last ruler of the Omani Empire, Said bin Sultan, the empire split into two separate political entities: the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and the Sultanate of Zanzibar. The former continued to be led by the Al Busaid dynasty, but transitioned into a new form of government after the palace coup of 23 July 1970 in which the sultan Said bin Taimur was immediately deposed in favour of his son Qaboos bin Said. The current Sultanate of Oman is the direct successor to the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.