Morals, Reason, and Animals

Morals, Reason, and Animals is a 1987 book by American philosopher Steve F. Sapontzis, published by Temple University Press. The book critically examines the moral justification for human exploitation of nonhuman animals and argues for their inclusion in the moral community. Described by Sapontzis as a "second-generation contribution" to the animal liberation debate, it engages with and responds to earlier works by Peter Singer and Tom Regan. Central to its argument is a critique of the view that rationality is necessary for moral consideration, with Sapontzis instead focusing on sentience and the capacity to suffer as morally relevant.

The book is divided into four parts, addressing theoretical foundations, objections to animal rights, and the ethical implications of animal liberation, including vegetarianism, animal experimentation, and wild animal suffering. It received mixed reviews: some praised its clarity, originality, and practical insights, while others questioned its philosophical coherence. The work has since been noted for its early attention to the ethics of aiding wild animals and for contributing to broader discussions in animal ethics, antispeciesism, and environmental ethics.