Mongolian calendar

The Mongolian calendar may refer to a number of different lunisolar calendars related to the Chinese and Tibetan calendars. These calendars (Mongolian: цаглабар, romanized: tsaglabar or цаг тооны бичиг, tsag toony bichig) have largely been replaced in day-to-day use with the Gregorian calendar (Аргын тоолол, Argyn toolol, 'chronology of method'), however the traditional calendar (Билгийн тоолол, Bilgiin toolol, 'chronology of wisdom') is still used for a variety of traditions such as the date of festivals like Tsagaan Sar (the Mongolian new year), horoscopy, and zodiac signs.

The traditional calendar as used in Mongolia today is a lunisolar calendar based on Tegus Buyantu zurkhai system developed in 1747 by monk Ishbaljir (Сүмбэ хамбо Ишбалжир, Sümbe khambo Ishbaljir; 1704–1788). The year is composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months, each beginning and ending with a new moon. A thirteenth month is added every two or three years, so that an average year is equal to the solar year.

The Mongol traditional new year celebration is Tsagaan Sar which is celebrated at the second new moon following the winter solstice.

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