Mitragynine

Mitragynine
Clinical data
Other names	(–)-Mitragynine
Routes of; administration	By mouth
Drug class	Opioid
ATC code	None;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled drug); BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs); CA: Unscheduled; DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only); NZ: Unscheduled; UK: Under Psychoactive Substances Act; US: Unscheduled; UN: Unscheduled; In general legal for medical and research uses as a research chemical.;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	21%
Metabolites	7-Hydroxymitragynine
Elimination half-life	7–39 hours
Identifiers
	IUPAC name methyl (16E)-9,17-dimethoxy-16,17-didehydro-20β-corynan-16-carboxylate;
CAS Number	4098-40-2;
PubChem CID	3034396;
ChemSpider	2298865;
UNII	EP479K822J;
KEGG	C09226;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6956;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL299031;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID701032140 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H30N2O4
Molar mass	398.503 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	102–106 °C
	SMILES COC1=CC=CC2=C1C3=C([C@@](C[C@H](/C(C(OC)=O)=C\OC)[C@H](CC)C4)([H])N4CC3)N2;
	InChI InChI=1S/C23H30N2O4/c1-5-14-12-25-10-9-15-21-18(7-6-8-20(21)28-3)24-22(15)19(25)11-16(14)17(13-27-2)23(26)29-4/h6-8,13-14,16,19,24H,5,9-12H2,1-4H3/b17-13+/t14-,16+,19+/m1/s1; Key:LELBFTMXCIIKKX-QVRQZEMUSA-N;

Mitragynine is an indole-based alkaloid and is one of the main psychoactive constituents in the Southeast Asian plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. It has also been researched for its use to potentially manage symptoms of opioid withdrawal. It is a partial agonist of the mu-opioid receptors; and as such can produce effects similar to those of classical opioids such as morphine.

Mitragynine is the most abundant active alkaloid in kratom. In Thai varieties of kratom, mitragynine is the most abundant component (up to 66% of total alkaloids), while 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) is a minor constituent (up to 2% of total alkaloid content). In Malaysian kratom varieties, mitragynine is present at lower concentration (12% of total alkaloids). Total alkaloid concentration in dried leaves ranges from 0.5 to 1.5%. Such preparations are orally consumed and typically involve dried kratom leaves which are brewed into tea or ground and placed into capsules.