McDowell County, West Virginia

McDowell County, West Virginia
Nickname: 
Free State of McDowell
Location within the U.S. state of West Virginia
Coordinates: 37°22′58″N 81°39′30″W / 37.38276°N 81.658204°W / 37.38276; -81.658204
Country United States
State West Virginia
FoundedFebruary 20, 1858
Named afterJames McDowell
SeatWelch
Largest cityWelch
Area
 • Total
534.899 sq mi (1,385.38 km2)
 • Land533.458 sq mi (1,381.65 km2)
 • Water1.441 sq mi (3.73 km2)  0.27%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
19,111
 • Estimate 
(2024)
17,147
 • Density32.141/sq mi (12.410/km2)
DemonymMcDowellian (Colloquial)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Area code304 and 681
Congressional district1st
Websitemcdowellcountycommission.com

McDowell County is a county in the State of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,111, and was estimated to be 17,147 in 2024.

The county seat and the largest city is Welch. McDowell County is the southernmost county in the state. It was created in 1858 by the Virginia General Assembly and named for Virginia Governor James McDowell. It became a part of West Virginia in 1863, when several Union-affiliated counties seceded from the state of Virginia during the American Civil War. McDowell County is located in the Cumberland Mountains, part of the Appalachia region.

Due mostly to a decline in employment in the coal mining industry, McDowell County's population has decreased from almost 100,000 in 1950 to less than 20,000 in 2020. The people of McDowell County suffer high rates of drug abuse and poverty and have a life expectancy well below the national average.