Matrix-M
Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response. It was patented in 2020 by Novavax and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids. It is an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM), which are nanospheres formed when saponin is mixed with two types of fats.