Mary Whiton Calkins
Mary Whiton Calkins | |
|---|---|
| Born | March 30, 1863 |
| Died | February 26, 1930 (aged 66) |
| Occupations | Professor of psychology and philosophy |
| Board member of | President of the American Psychological Association, President of the American Philosophical Association |
| Academic background | |
| Education | Bachelor of Arts in classics and philosophy, unawarded PhD in psychology (see text) |
| Alma mater | Smith College, then Harvard University unofficially (see text) |
| Thesis | Association. An essay analytic and experimental. (1896) |
| Doctoral advisor | Hugo Münsterberg |
| Other advisors | |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Philosopher, psychologist |
| Institutions | Wellesley College |
Mary Whiton Calkins (/ˈkɔːlkɪnz, ˈkæl-/; 30 March 1863 – 26 February 1930) was an American philosopher and psychologist, whose work informed theory and research of memory, dreams and the self. She developed the paired-associate learning technique and the theory of self-psychology. In 1903, Calkins was the twelfth in a listing of fifty psychologists with the most merit, chosen by her peers. In 1895 Calkins was refused a Ph.D. by Harvard University because of her gender even though she completed all the requirements. She was given honorary membership of the British Psychology Association in 1928.
She taught psychology and philosophy at Wellesley College for four decades, and conducted research there and at Harvard University. At Wellesley College, Calkins established the first psychological laboratory for women. She later became president of the American Psychological Association and the American Philosophical Association, and was the first woman to be president of both.