Marianne Angermann

Mathilde Marianne Bielschowsky (née Angermann; 30 June 1904 – 1977) was a German-born Spanish–New Zealand biochemist and anti-fascist. Trained at the universities of Greifswald, Freiburg, Cologne, and Bonn, she earned a doctorate in chemistry in 1928 and later studied medicine. After leaving Germany in 1935 in opposition to the Nazi regime, she worked at the Instituto de investigaciónes médicas in Madrid, where she collaborated with fellow German emigrant Franz Bielschowsky. During the Spanish Civil War, Angermann volunteered as a medical laboratory chemist for the Republican forces while Bielschowsky served as a physician.

The couple married in Madrid in 1938 and, following the Republican defeat, fled to the United Kingdom, where they both worked at the University of Sheffield during the Second World War. In 1948 they emigrated to New Zealand, conducting cancer research at the University of Otago. Angermann developed a strain of New Zealand black mice used in laboratory studies, and her letters from Madrid between 1935 and 1939 were later published as Briefe einer Antifaschistin ('Letters of an Anti-Fascist').