Manchu platform shoes

Chinese Manchu platform shoes refers to the traditional high platform shoes worn by Manchu women which appeared in the early Qing dynasty and continued to be worn even in the late Qing dynasty. It is a type of Qixie (Chinese: 旗鞋; lit. 'Manchu shoes'), Manchu shoes, which forms part of the Qizhuang, the traditional attire of the Manchu people. Depending on its styles of its, the Manchu platform shoes could be classified as gaodixie (Chinese: 高底鞋), which were high-heeled shoes, and yuanbaodi (Chinese: 元宝底), which were typically low-heeled shoes.

The gaodixie could be further divided into the huāpénxié (花盆鞋; 'flowerpot shoes'), also known as huāpéndǐ (花盆底), huapendixie (花盆底鞋) or commonly referred as flowerpot shoes in English, and the mǎtí xié (馬蹄鞋; 'horsehoof shoes'), also known as matidixie (馬蹄底鞋), which is commonly referred as horse hoof-tread shoes or horse-hoof shoes in English.