Machine embroidery

Machine embroidery is the process of using a sewing or embroidery machine to create decorative stitching on fabric. It is widely used in commercial branding, product decoration, uniform embellishment, and personal customization. Most modern embroidery machines are computer-controlled and rely on digitized embroidery files to execute designs.

The most common stitch types in machine embroidery include the running stitch (a simple line used for outlines or travel paths), the satin stitch (used for narrow, dense decorative elements and lettering), and the tatami stitch (also known as fill stitch, used to cover larger areas). To connect distant parts of a design, embroidery software generates connector stitches—short stitches that may be visible (as jump stitches) or hidden beneath other stitching. At the beginning and end of sections, lock stitches are often used to secure the threads and prevent unraveling.

Free-motion sewing machine embroidery uses a basic zigzag sewing machine and designs are made manually. Chenille embroidery is a decorative technique that uses a looped or tufted yarn to create a soft, velvety texture on fabric. It is typically done with a specialized chenille embroidery machine, where a chain stitch needle and a loop-pile mechanism form raised loops on the surface. This style is often used for varsity letters, patches, and textured logos on apparel.