MQM violence (1994–2016)

MQM related violence
Part of MQM militancy

Pakistan Rangers in 2015 when MQM's HQ Nine Zero was being raided
Date1994–2016
Location
Result

Sindh government victory

Belligerents

MQM-L


MQM-H

Pakistan

Supported by:
 Pakistan Army

ANP
PPP

Sunni Tehreek
TLP (from 2015)


TTP
Jundallah
SSP
LeJ
Units involved

MQM-L

  • Good Friends
  • Sector Commanders
  • Nadeem Commando (1990-95)
  • Faheem Commando (1990-95)

MQM-H
Supported by:
 Pakistan Army

ANP
PPP

Sunni Tehreek
TLP (from 2015)


TTP
Jundallah
SSP
LeJ

700 killed (1994), 1,770–1,990 killed (1995)

748 killed (2010), 1,244–1,345 killed (2012), 2,909 killed (2014)

The MQM violence refers to political violence related to the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), a political party and militant organization representing the Muhajir community. Violence began in 1978 against the Sindh government and various other opponents. It was eventually suppressed during Operation Clean-up.

In 1994, after the military's withdrawal, MQM launched another wave of anti-state, sectarian, and ethnic violence. The intensity of this violence subsided following Operation Lyari and Karachi's targeted action. The 2015 Nine-Zero raids led to the arrest of several key MQM leaders and marked the beginning of a crackdown on the party. Another crackdown on 22 August 2016 resulted in the closure of the party headquarters near 90 Azizabad, Khursheed Memorial Hall, MPA Hostel, and Jinnah Park. Several other MQM leaders were arrested, marking "the end of the story for the party founder, Altaf Hussain".