Loss of China

In American political discourse, the "loss of China" refers to the unexpected victory of the Chinese Communist Party over the U.S.-backed Nationalist Chinese Kuomintang government at the end of the Chinese Civil War. The defeat of Chiang Kai-shek's government was an immense shock to the American public, who subsequently saw the "loss" as a result of the Truman administration's "weakness towards communism," which greatly contributed to the anti-communist paranoia that drove the Second Red Scare.