Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump
| Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, Inc. | |
|---|---|
| Argued November 5, 2025 Decided February 20, 2026 | |
| Full case name | Learning Resources, Inc., et al. v. Donald J. Trump, et al. Donald J. Trump, et al., v. V.O.S. Selections, Inc. |
| Docket nos. | 24-1287 25-250 |
| Citations | 607 U.S. ___ (more) |
| Argument | Oral argument |
| Decision | Opinion |
| Questions presented | |
| |
| Holding | |
| IEEPA does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. V.O.S. Selections affirmed; Learning Resources vacated and remanded with instructions to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. | |
| Court membership | |
| |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Roberts (parts I, II–A–1, and II–B), joined by Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Barrett, Jackson |
| Plurality | Roberts (parts II–A–2 and III), joined by Gorsuch, Barrett |
| Concurrence | Gorsuch |
| Concurrence | Barrett |
| Concurrence | Kagan (in part and in judgment), joined by Sotomayor, Jackson |
| Concurrence | Jackson (in part and in judgment) |
| Dissent | Thomas |
| Dissent | Kavanaugh, joined by Thomas, Alito |
| Laws applied | |
| International Emergency Economic Powers Act | |
Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, 607 U.S. ___ (2026), is a United States Supreme Court decision which held that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), an economic sanctions law, does not authorize the president to unilaterally set tariffs, vacating many of the tariffs implemented during the second Trump administration.
In February 2025, President Donald Trump announced tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico, and separately from China, citing the IEEPA as the statutory authority for doing so. After implementing other tariffs citing different statutory authorities, Trump announced the global Liberation Day tariffs also citing the IEEPA the following April. Multiple lawsuits from affected companies and U.S. states were filed shortly after this announcement, including both Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump and Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, Inc., challenging the president's authority to issue tariffs under IEEPA.
In Learning Resources, the District Court for the District of Columbia ruled the tariffs were unconstitutional in May 2025. In Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, the United States Court of International Trade (CIT) ruled in May 2025 that the president does not have the authority to use the IEEPA to set tariffs in this way, and permanently enjoined the government from enforcing them. The CIT's ruling was upheld on appeal by the en banc Federal Circuit Appeals Court in August 2025. In both cases, the lower courts stayed their injunctions to allow Trump to appeal the rulings to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court granted both petitions in September and consolidated them into a single case. The Court expedited scheduling of oral arguments, which were heard on November 5, 2025. Court observers believed a majority of the justices expressed skepticism towards the government's rationale for the tariffs during the oral session. In its opinion of February 20, 2026, the Court decided that this matter is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the CIT, so ordered Learning Resources case out of the District of Columbia court dismissed. The Court affirmed the CIT ruling in V.O.S. Selections against the tariffs, though did not rule on the manner of tariff repayment.