Layering (horticulture)

For the use of layering in viticulture, see Propagation of grapevines.

Layering is a vegetative propagation technique where the stem or branch of a plant is manipulated to promote root development while still attached to the parent plant. Once roots are established, the new plant can be detached from the parent and planted. Layering is utilized by horticulturists to propagate desirable plants.

Natural layering typically occurs when a branch touches the ground, whereupon it produces adventitious roots. At a later stage the connection with the parent plant is severed and a new plant is produced as a result.

Common types of layering include air or water layering, tip, Compound (serpentine), mound(stool), and air layering.

The horticultural layering process typically involves wounding the target region to expose the inner stem, called the inner cambium, and optionally applying rooting compounds.

Layering has the advantage that the propagated portion continues to receive water and nutrients from the parent plant while it is forming roots. This is important for plants that form roots slowly, or for propagating large pieces. Layering is used quite frequently in the propagation of bonsai; it is also used as a technique for both creating new roots and improving existing roots.

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