Late Qing reforms

Late Qing reforms
Late Qing reforms
Chinese name
Chinese	晚清改革
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Wǎnqīng gǎigé
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping	maan5 cing1 goi2 gaak3
Alternative name
Chinese	清末新政
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Qīngmò xīnzhèng
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping	cing1 mut6 san1 zing3
English name
English	Cixi's New Policies; Guangxu's New Policies; Gengzi New Policies; New Policies of the late Qing dynasty; New Deal of the late Qing dynasty

Late Qing Reforms
	Building of the Advisory Council, a preparatory body for the parliament established during the Late Qing Reforms
Native name	清末新政
Date	January 29, 1901 – February 12, 1912
Location	Throughout the Qing dynasty
Motive	To save the rule of the Qing government
Target	To deepen reforms across all aspects of the Great Qing Empire in order to enhance national strength and achieve the modernization of the national political system.
Participants	Zhang Zhidong, Yuan Shikai, Shen Jiaben, Wu Tingfang, etc.
Outcome	Ended by the Xinhai Revolution ten years after the reforms began.; The Qing government was overthrown by the New Army (established during the reforms) before the reforms could achieve more success.; Due to obstruction from conservative forces, the implementation of reform policies was relatively limited.; Provided the foundation for some of the institutional development of the Republic of China.;

Late Qing reforms (Chinese: 晚清改革; pinyin: Wǎnqīng gǎigé), commonly known as New Policies of the late Qing dynasty (Chinese: 清末新政; pinyin: Qīngmò xīnzhèng), or New Deal of the late Qing dynasty, simply referred to as New Policies, were a series of cultural, economic, educational, military, diplomatic, and political reforms implemented in the last decade of the Qing dynasty to keep the dynasty in power after the invasions of the great powers of the Eight Nation Alliance in league with the ten provinces of the Southeast Mutual Protection during the Boxer Rebellion.

Late Qing reforms started in 1901, and since they were implemented with the backing of the Empress Dowager Cixi, they are also called Cixi's New Policies. The reforms were often considered more radical than the earlier Self-Strengthening Movement which came to an abrupt end with China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895. Despite the reforms and other political struggles the revolutionaries led the 1911 Revolution which resulted in the fall of the Qing dynasty.