Kurukh language

Kurukh
Kurux, Oraon, Uraon
𑷊𑶲̃𑷗𑶲𑷖
कुँड़ुख़ (उराँव)কুড়ুখ্କୁଡ଼ୁଖ୍
'Kuṛux' or 'Kuṁṛux' in Kurukh Banna alphabet (top) and Tolong Siki alphabet (bottom)
Pronunciation[kũɽux]
Native toIndia, Bangladesh, and Nepal
RegionOdisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Bihar, Tripura
Ethnicity
Native speakers
2.28 million (2002–2011)
Dialects
  • Oraon
  • Kisan
  • Dhangar
Tolong Siki
Kurukh Banna
Devanagari
Odia
Official status
Official language in
India
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
kru – Kurux
kxl – Nepali Kurux (Dhangar)
xis – Kisan
Glottologkuru1301
ELPNepali Kurux
Distribution of Kurukh speakers in Blue.
Kurux is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
PersonKur̤ukh
PeopleKur̤ukhaṟ
LanguageKur̤ukh

Kurukh (/ˈkʊrʊx/ or /ˈkʊrʊk/; Devanagari: कुँड़ुख़, IPA: [kũɽux]), also Kurux, Oraon or Uranw (Devanagari: उराँव, IPA: [uraːũ̯]), is a North Dravidian language spoken by the Kurukh (Oraon) and Kisan people of East India. It is spoken by about two million people in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam and Tripura, as well as by 65,000 in northern Bangladesh, 28,600 of a dialect called Uranw in Nepal and about 5,000 in Bhutan. The most closely related language to Kurukh is Malto; together with Brahui, all three languages form the North Dravidian branch of the Dravidian language family. It is marked as being in a "vulnerable" state in UNESCO's list of endangered languages. The Kisan dialect has 206,100 speakers as of 2011.