Kerr–Dold vortex

In fluid dynamics, Kerr–Dold vortex is an exact solution of Navier–Stokes equations, which represents steady periodic vortices superposed on the stagnation point flow (or extensional flow). The solution was discovered by Oliver S. Kerr and John W. Dold in 1994. Kerr–Dold vortices in axisymmetric stagnation point flows was described by P. Rajamanickam. These steady solutions exist as a result of a balance between vortex stretching by the extensional flow and viscous diffusion, which are similar to Burgers vortex. These vortices were first observed experimentally in a four-roll mill apparatus by Lagnado and L. Gary Leal. and in a crossed rectangular channel by V. N. Kalashnikov and M. G. Tsiklauri.