Karelsprivilege

Karelsprivilege is a legendary privilege that Charlemagne allegedly paid to the Frisians led by Magnus Forteman to thank them for their support for his attack on Rome. Beginning in the 13th century, Frisians regularly mentioned Karelsprivilege in legal and historical works. The authenticity of the privilege has been contested in recent centuries. The privilege formed the basis of so-called Frisian freedom, and was recognized as genuine by Holy Roman emperors. An affirmation and recognition of the privilege was given by Emperor Conrad II in 1039.

The original is lost. According to tradition it was inscribed on the wall of a church, possibly the church of Almenum, Ferwoude or Oldeboorn. Copies were made and circulated during the Middle Ages; possibly forgeries.

In the Middle Ages, only the original, undamaged sealing wax impressions, were accepted as valid. Forged documents were common, and no well-organized archive of treaty documents that could serve as a reference existed. Medieval literature mentioned a link between the Frisian eagle as a heraldic charge in coats of arms and Karelsprivilege. However, in the time of Charlemagne family or regional coat of arms did not exist, although it could have been used as a banner in that period.

Other names used for this charter are: Magnuskerren, Friezenprivilege, Vrijheidsprivilege, Libertas Frisonica or Previlegii Frisiorum Caroli Magni.