India Stack
| Type | Marketing term / branding |
|---|---|
| Coined by | iSPIRT (c. 2012-2013) |
| Components | Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker, ABDM, ONDC |
| Governing bodies | UIDAI, NPCI, NHA, MeitY |
| Country | India |
| Websites | indiastack indiastack |
India Stack is a marketing term coined by iSPIRT (Indian Software Product Industry Round Table) to brand a collection of government-operated digital infrastructure systems in India as a unified platform. The term encompasses identity verification (Aadhaar), payments (UPI), document storage (DigiLocker), and data sharing layers--each governed by separate government bodies with distinct legal frameworks.
The systems have achieved significant scale, with UPI processing over 10 billion monthly transactions and Aadhaar covering 1.4 billion residents. However, the platform has faced sustained criticism regarding welfare exclusion linked to biometric authentication failures, privacy and surveillance concerns, and the gap between "open" branding and closed, proprietary governance.