Income-driven repayment

For broader coverage of this topic, see Income-contingent repayment.

Income-driven repayment (IDR) is an umbrella term for student loan repayment programs in the United States in which the amount a borrower is required to pay is adjusted based on the borrower's income income and, in some programs, other factors such as family size.

Several different versions of IDR have been available within the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program (FDLP, FDSLP, Direct Loan) and the now-defunct Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFEL). They include:

  • Income-Based Repayment (IBR)
  • Pay As You Earn (PAYE)
  • Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), which automatically replaced Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE) in 2023 In 2024, the SAVE program was frozen, pending lawsuits.
  • Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)
  • Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP), enacted in 2025 as part of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.
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