ICD-11 classification of personality disorders

The ICD-11 classification of personality disorders is a diagnostic framework for personality disorders (PD), introduced in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This system of classification of personality disorders is an implementation of a dimensional model of personality disorders, meaning that individuals are assessed along continuous trait dimensions, with personality disorders reflecting extreme or maladaptive variants of traits that are continuous with normal personality functioning, and classified according to both severity of dysfunction and prominent trait domain specifiers. The ICD-11 classification of personality disorders differs substantially from the one in the previous edition, ICD-10; all distinct PDs have been merged into one: personality disorder, which can be coded as mild, moderate, severe, or severity unspecified.

Severity is determined by the level of distress experienced and degree of impairment in day-to-day activities as a result of difficulties in aspects of self-functioning, (e.g., identity, self-worth and agency) and interpersonal relationships (e.g., desire and ability for close relationships and ability to handle conflicts), as well as behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dysfunctions. There is also an additional category called personality difficulty, which can be used to describe personality traits that are problematic, but do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a PD. A personality disorder or difficulty can be specified by one or more of the following prominent personality traits or patterns: Negative affectivity, Detachment, Dissociality, Disinhibition, and Anankastia. In addition to the traits, a Borderline pattern – similar in nature to borderline personality disorder – may be specified.

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