Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development

The Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development (HLF; Arabic: مؤسسة الأرض المقدسة للإغاثة والتنمية, romanized: Muʾassasat al-ʾArḍ al-Muqaddasa li-l-ʾIghātha wa-t-Tanmiya), originally known as Occupied Land Fund (صندوق الأرض المحتلة, Ṣundūq al-ʾArḍ al-Muḥtalla), was an Islamic charity in the United States.

Headquartered in Richardson, Texas, and run by Palestinian-Americans, the organization's stated mission was to "find and implement practical solutions for human suffering through humanitarian programs that impact the lives of the disadvantaged, disinherited, and displaced peoples suffering from man-made and natural disasters."

In December 2001, the U.S. designated HLF a terrorist organization, seized its assets, and closed the organization. At the time it was the largest Muslim charitable organization in the United States. It had been under FBI surveillance since 1994. In 2004, a federal grand jury in Dallas, Texas, charged HLF and five former officers and employees with providing material support to Hamas and related offenses. The government's assertion was that HLF distributed charity through local zakat (charity) committees located in the West Bank that paid stipends to the families of Palestinian suicide bombers and Hamas prisoners; that Hamas controlled those zakat committees; that by distributing charity through Hamas-controlled committees, HLF helped Hamas build a grassroots support amongst the Palestinian people; and that these charity front organizations served a dual purpose of laundering the money for all of Hamas's activities.

Simultaneously, in November 2004, U.S. magistrate judge Arlander Keys ruled that HLF, along with the Islamic Association of Palestine (IAP), were liable for the 1996 killing of 17-year-old American citizen David Boim in Israel.

The first criminal trial, in 2007, ended in the partial acquittal of one defendant and a hung jury on all other charges. At a retrial in 2008, the jury found all defendants guilty on all counts. The 2008 trial of the charity leaders was the "largest terrorism financing prosecution in American history". In 2009, the founders of the organization were given sentences of between 15 and 65 years in prison for "funnelling $12 million to Hamas".

The trial has been criticised by some NGOs, including Human Rights Watch. Civil rights attorney Emily Ratner wrote that the use of anonymous and hearsay evidence by the prosecutors was "constitutionally questionable" at best. Families of the men charged, known as the Holy Land Five, have demanded their release.