History of Kyiv (1362–1657)

The history of Kyiv from the Battle of Blue Waters (1362/3) until the end of the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1657) encompasses Kyiv's period as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1362/3–1569), the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland within the larger Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648), and the early revolutionary period of the Cossack Hetmanate during the Khmelnytsky Uprising. This Lithuanian–Polish–Cossack timeframe was preceded by Kiev in the Golden Horde period (1240–1362/3), and was succeeded by the history of Kyiv (1657–1811), at the times of the Ruin (1657–1687), the hetmanship of Ivan Mazepa (1687–1708), and the gradual liquidation of the autonomy of the Cossack Hetmanate (completed in 1764).

The complex nature of urban life in Kiev was a consequence of the city's border location. In general, the city did not lose its importance as a major commercial, economic and cultural centre of the Ukrainian lands. It was the capital of the Principality of Kiev until 1471, and thereafter of the Kiev Voivodeship. On the other hand, Chyhyryn would be chosen as the capital city of the early Cossack Hetmanate in 1649.