Versine
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Look up versine or versed sine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit Aryabhatiya, Section I) trigonometric tables. The versine of an angle is 1 minus its cosine.
There are several related functions, most notably the coversine and haversine. The latter, half a versine, is of particular importance in the haversine formula of navigation.