Hallucinogenic bolete mushroom

Not to be confused with psilocybin-containing mushroom or Amanita muscaria.

Hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms, also known as psychoactive bolete mushrooms or as xiao ren ren mushrooms (Chinese: 小人人; pinyin: Xiǎorénrén; lit. 'little people'), are bolete mushrooms that produce hallucinogenic effects and are a type of hallucinogenic mushroom. They have been reported in China, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea.

The exact species of the mushrooms, their active constituents, and their mechanism of action have all yet to be fully clarified. However, among the most frequently implicated species is Lanmaoa asiatica, a species first described in 2015. Hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms are said to make people see the "xiao ren ren" or "little people" and hence to experience Lilliputian hallucinations. Lilliputian hallucinations are a unique type of hallucination and are not necessarily consistent with the hallucinogenic effects of other psychoactive mushrooms.

Other much more well-known hallucinogenic mushrooms include psilocybin-containing mushrooms (which contain the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin) and Amanita muscaria mushrooms (which contain the GABAA receptor agonist and GABAergic hallucinogen muscimol).

Lanmaoa asiatica is being studied as a hallucinogenic bolete mushroom by American ethnobiologist Colin Domnauer and mycologist Bryn Dentinger as of the 2020s, with animal studies of chemical extracts and work towards identifying the active constituents in late 2025.

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