Hainan Free Trade Port

Hainan Free Trade Port refers to the designation of the entire island of Hainan, China, as a special economic development area and free-trade zone. It is the largest special economic zone in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

It is regarded as a special area for China to comprehensively deepen economic reform and experiment with the highest level of opening-up policies.

The Hainan Free Trade Port was announced by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping in 2018, which was followed by the approval of the port's establishment by the State Council of China. In 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Hainan Free Trade Port. Beginning in 2023, Hainan launched its customs closure operations (Chinese: 封关作业), adopting a "supervision of goods, not people" model. The Free Trade Port completed the customs closure and commenced full operation on 18 December 2025.

The Hainan Free Trade Port covers the entire province of Hainan. The Hainan Provincial People's Government operates under direct guidance from officials dispatched by central ministries and commissions under the State Council, including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the People's Bank of China, and the General Administration of Customs. The Law on the Hainan Free Trade Port outlines reforms related to changes in resident rights within the Free Trade Port, immigration and entry–exit policies, and customs closure procedures, representing a deepening of reform, innovation, and openness. Following authorization, Hainan is permitted to exercise a significant degree of local autonomy under the guidance of the central government. In addition to reforms and self-governance in customs, investment, and taxation, the province is expected to have distinct arrangements in major policies, administrative management, and visa systems from those of mainland China.